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HE  SOUTHERN 
SANITARIUM  { 


»RIL,  Ji      .     v  \  l  >  i  \.  .  '  >BER. 


!!     '.  !  '  i  '    k'I   '.     IN   JAM     \\"> 

•IMATE      •      HEALTH      •      LIK 


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i  .    v.  sv.  ki    i  <       m.  i: 


UILO!  NG 


CONTENTS. 


:rintion    Pric 


■r    Minum;   r>n.    •■    uipv   i 


ESTABLISHED    1896. 


RALEIGH,    N.   C. 


H.   J.    BROWN' 

COFFIN 
HOUSE 

PS   THK   LARGEST,    FINEST   AND    BEST   SELECTED   STOCK 

Coffins  and  Caskets,  in  Cloth, 

Wood  and  Metal;  also  Aluminum 

Caskets,  Burial  Robes,  Wrappers, 
Slippers  for  Ladies,  Gents  and  Child 
Also  Burglar-Proof  Grayi  ts. 

J.  W.  BROWN, 

Proprietor,  Funeral  Director  and  Emba 
CHATFIELD  &  MESSER, 

Agents  at  Southern  Pines,  N 


CENTRAL_BuiLDfNa. 


BE  HAVE  four  acres  of  land  on  which  there  are  to  be 
erected  sixteen  Pavilions  at  a  cost  of  $350  each,  and 
one  Central  or  Administration  Building  at  a  cost  of  $20,000. 
Four  Pavilions  are  already  pledged,  two  of  which  have  been 
completed  and  paid  for  and  partly  furnished.  The  institu- 
tion is  now  open  and  we  are  receiving  patients. 


Jr^i_  Pavilion 


Digitized  by  the  Internet  Archive 
in  2013 


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(Efye  *  Southern  *  Sanitarium 

Devoted  to  the  Cause  of  Afflicted  Humanity. 


Vol.  I.         Raleigh,  N.  C,  January  i,  1897.         No.  4. 


IS  CONSUMPTION  CONTAGIOUS  OR  CATCHING? 


This  is  the  question  so  often  asked  us.  We  answer  that 
the  great  majority  of  medical  authorities  on  both  sides  of 
the  Atlantic  seem  to  be  very  well  agreed  that  consumption 
is  contagious  or  catching. 

A  firm  belief  in  the  contagiousness  of  this  dreaded  di- 
sease has  been  the  cause  of  our  humble  efforts  in  favor  of 
a  special  Sanitarium  for  consumptive  Negroes,  that  those 
affected  might  be  isolated  from  those  who  are  not  affected 
by  this  disease. 

What  can  we  hope  for  but  a  rapid  increase  of  consump- 
tion, when  in  many  cases  a  whole  family  of  as  many  as 
six,  eight  or  ten  persons  live,  cook,  eat,  wash  and  SLEEP  in 
one  room  that  has  scarcely  capacity  for  two  or  three  at 
most,  and  even  then  quite  often  one  of  this  large  number 
is  sick  of  consumption  in  this  same  room.  Do  you  wonder 
that  the  disease  spreads  rapidly?  What  is  the  remedy? 
Isolation,  isolation,  with  all  kindness  and  sympathy,  but 
isolation  where  they  will  have  good  care,  comforts,  and  a 
plenty  of  fresh  air,  with  regulation  of  habits  and  conditions. 

By  this  means  the  diseased  ones  will  live  longer  and 
under  more  comfortable  and  cheering  circumstances,  while 
a  much  less  number  will  contract  the  disease  than  would 
otherwise  have  it,  had  the  sick  been  left  in  a  dull,  crowded, 
gloomy  home,  with  unsanitary  surroundings. 

The  following  clipping  is  so  much  to  the  point,  and  so 
prophetic,  that  we  give  it  our  hearty  endorsement  by  com- 
mending it  to  our  readers : 


2.  THE    SOUTHERN    SANITARIUM. 

"  Should  those  who  are  diseased  marry  ?  "  is  a  question  often  asked  and 
discussed.  It  is  impossible  to  treat  the  human  race  as  we  do  our  beasts  ; 
we  will  kill  diseased  cattle  ;  entire  herds  of  valuable  Jerseys  have  been 
destroyed  because  they  were  found  to  be  tuberculous. 

It  would  be  equivalent  to  wTar  if  such  method  were  adopted  in  an  at- 
tempt to  stamp  out  tuberculosis  in  the  human  race.  Yet  we  must  realize 
that  efforts  stronger  and  more  logical  than  have  been  and  are  now  being 
used  must  eventually  be  employed  for  this  purpose.  Either  laws  must 
be  passed  prohibiting  intermarriage  between  health}-  and  diseased  per- 
sons, or  compelling  the  isolation  of  all  who  are  diseased,  irrespective  of 
class,  condition,  and  sex. 

This  editorial  was  not  written  to  discuss  the  best  methods  of  obliterat- 
ing tuberculosis,  but  to  impress  upon  the  profession  the  necessity  of 
pointing  out  dangers  which  their  patients  cannot  discover.  Those  who 
inherit  tubercular  tendencies  should  be  carefully  schooled  in  habits  which  ' 
will  best  enable  them  to  guard  against  the  disease  ;  many  who  are  to-day 
beyond  the  hope  of  recovery  would  still  be  on  the  safer  side  had  they 
been  warned  in  time.  Change  of  climate,  quitting  the  more  dangerous 
regions  for  localities  more  favorable  to  their  condition,  has  by  itself  saved 
many  who,  had  they  remained  in  their  former  environments,  wrould  have 
died. 

Intermarriage  between  healty  and  tubercular  persons  should  never  be 
sanctioned.  The  family  physician  can  warn  parents  of  the  dangers  of 
such  unions  without  offending  or  appearing  officious. — Louisville  Medi- 
cal Journal. 


THE  EFFECTS  OF  EHANCIPATION  UPON  THE  MENTAL 

AND    PHYSICAL   HEALTH   OF   THE    NEGRO   OF 

THE    SOUTH. 


By  Dr.  J.  F.  Miller. 


We  have  given  above  the  subject  upon  which  Dr.  J.  F. 
Miller,  Superintendent  of  the  Eastern  Hospital  at  Golds- 
boro,  N.  C,  for  insane  Negroes,  read  a  paper  some  time  ago 
before  the  Southern  Medico-Psychological  Association,  and 
which  has  since  been  printed  in  pamphlet  form  and  circu- 
lated. 

The  paper  is  a  very  interesting  one  from  several  stand- 
points, and,  indeed,  so  much  so  that  we  cannot  pass  it  by 
without  comment. 


THE    SOUTHERN    SANITARIUM.  3 

It  is  interesting  because  of  Dr.  Miller's  experience  and 
his  present  official  relation  to  the  Negro. 

It  is  also  of  interest  because  of  the  practical  truth  ex- 
pressed in  some  parts  of  it. 

But  it  becomes  the  more  interesting  as  we  note  and  re- 
flect upon  the  very  illogical  and  unfounded  conclusions  the 
writer  claims  to  have  reached. 

Such  conclusions,  if  believed,  are  likely  to  do  the  Negro 
serious  damage  in  the  presence  of  those  who  do  not  stop  to 
question  the  truthfulness  of  such  statements  as  the 
doctor  makes. 

While  we  are  aware  of  the  fact  that  we  belong  to  a  de- 
pendent race  of  people,  about  whom,  when  taken  as  a  whole, 
critics  may  find  room  to  say  many  hard  and  discouraging 
things,  yet  it  is  to  be  remembered  that  a  part  of  the  race 
are  looking  upward,  and  are  seeking  as  best  they  can  to 
inarch  onward,  and  therefore  should  receive  encouragement 
and  help  from  those  ahead  of  them,  instead  of  one  in  high 
position  seeking,  not  only  to  discourage  them,  but  to  dis- 
courage those  who  are  trying  to  help  them.  We  do  not 
intend  to  attempt  to  deny  a  single  truth  the  doctor  expresses ; 
in  fact  we  agree  with  him  in  the  seeming  increased  coinci- 
dence of  insanity  and  tuberculosis  among  the  Negroes. 
But  how,  in  the  name  of  common  reason  a  man,  who 
claims  to  be  learned  in  the  science  of  medicine  and  reading 
daily,  as  we  suppose,  the  current  literature  of  the  profes- 
sion, can  jump  to  such  conclusions  as  the  following,  in  the 
face  of  all  the  facts  to  the  contrary,  we  cannot  even  sur- 
mise. 

NOW    HEAR    HIM. 

Dr.  J.  F.  Miller  says:  "I  am  fully  aware  that  among  the 
Afro-Americans  of  the  South  ma}-  be  found  some  orators 
eloquent  in  speech;  some  who  have  attained  to  ripe  schol- 
arship, and  many  others  who  have  demonstrated  considera- 


4  THE    SOUTHERN    SANITARIUM. 

ble  capacity  in  the  learned  professions  and  in  business  cir- 
cles; but  as  a  rule  snch  are  of  mixed  blood." 

The  last  clause  of  the  doctor's  statement,  which  attri- 
butes all  the  worth  of  the  race  to  the  mixed  blooded  ones, 
making  the  worth  of  the  real  Negro  the  exception,  simply 
demonstrates  the  fact  that  the  doctor  is  grossly  ignorant  of 
the  details  of  the  Negroes'  intellectual  development,  and 
simply  writes  from  sentiment  without  regard  to  the  facts 
in  the  case. 

Now  let  us  see  what  the  facts  are :  Dr.  Blyden,  the 
President  of  Liberia  College  in  Africa,  is  acknowledged 
by  American  and  European  scholars  to  be  the  most  learned 
Negro  known  to  the  educated  world.  He  speaks  fluently 
seven  different  and  distinct  languages  with  as  much  ease 
as  we  do  the  English  language,  yet  he  is  as  black  as  a 
black  silk  hat. 

We  would  that  Dr.  Miller  could  look  into  his  face  and 
have  some  experience  with  that  bright  intellect  under  that 
black  skin. 

The  most  brilliant  legal  Negro  representation  at  the 
American  bar  is  a  black  man  reared  (I  think)  in  South 
Carolina.  • 

Many  of  the  most  brilliant  and  successful  Negro  medi- 
cal practitioners  in  America,  Liberia  and  the  West  Indies 
are  black  Negroes.  The  silver-tongued  orator  (who  now 
sleeps  the  long  sleep), 'Dr.  J.  C.  Price,  was  a  black  man  of 
a  beautiful  hue. 

The  late  Rev.  W.  W.  Brown  was  possibly,  all  things 
considered,  America's  greatest  financier,  was  born  a  slave, 
and  never  had  any  special  training,  yet  from  almost  noth- 
ing he  accumulated  a  young  fortune  and  became  president 
of  a  bank  in  about  ten  years.      He  was  truly  a  black  man. 

Black  Patti,  who  has  been  honored  before  many  of  the 
crowned  heads  of  the  civilized  world,  is  undoubtedly  a 
gifted  singer.     She,  too,  is  a  black  woman. 

Blind  Tom,  the  wonder  of  the  world,  was  a  black  man. 


THE    SOUTHERN    SANITARIUM.  5 

The  Negro  pulpit  is  occupied  all  over  this  country  with 
black  men,  eminent  and  devout  in  their  calling. 

And  so  we  could  name  them  up  into  the  thousands  and 
then  not  name  them  all  who,  though  black,  are  yet  emi- 
nent. Does  this  look  like  what  Dr.  Miller  says?  "as  a 
rule,  such  are  of  mixed  blood." 

Dr.  Miller  also  says  of  the  Negro :  "  But  as  a  class,  their 
mental  calibre  is  small ;  the  convolutions  of  their  brain 
are  few  and  superficial ;  their  cranial  measurement  small, 
and  other  anitomical  facts  demonstrate  his  inferiority." 

Now  let  us,  see  what  are  the  facts  in  this  case : 

Dr.  Austin  Flint  in  his  work  on  Human  Physiology 
gives  an  ethnological  table  derived  from  405  autopsies  of 
white  and  Negro  brains,  in  which  the  average  weight  of 
the  brains  of  24  whites  was  52.06  oz.,  while  the  average 
weight  of  141  Negro  brains  was  46.96  oz. 

In  another  table  278  autopsies  upon  the  brains  of  white 
subjects  he  gave  an  average  of  49^  oz. 

Here  is  a  difference  in  weight  that  might  be  taken  as 
conclusive,  but  the  same  authority  gives  another  table  in 
which  he  shows  that  a  congenital  imbecile  who  died  in  the 
West  Riding  Lunatic  Asylum  in  1876,  at  the  age  of  30 
years,  and  whose  brain  weighed  70.50  oz.  A  brick-layer 
also  who  could  not  read  nor  write,  but  was  of  fair  intelli- 
gence, was  reported  by  Dr.  James  Morris  to  have  a  brain 
weighing  67.00  oz.  There  was  alstf  reported  by  Dr.  Tuke 
a  congenital  epileptic  idiot,  whose  brain  weighed  60  oz. 

Yet  a  celebrated  mineralogist's  brain  weighed  only 
43.24.  Here  was  a  strong  active  mind  in  a  small  brain, 
and  possibly  few  convolutions. 

A  boy  also,  age  13  years,  healthy  and  intelligent,  died 
from  injuries  caused  by  a  fall,  was  reported  in  the  British 
Medical  Journal  October  19,  1872,  whose  brain-  weighed 
58.  oz. 

We  can  readily  see  now  that  neither  the  size  nor  the 
weight  of  an  individual  brain  can  be  taken  as  an  absolute 


6  THE    SOUTHERN    SANITARIUM. 

measurement  of  the  intellectual  capacity  of  that  individ- 
ual. For  above  quotations  show  that  persons  who  were 
born  idiots,  and  whose  mental  calibre  was  well  known,  had 
brains  much  more  weighty  than  the  great  Daniel  Webster, 
whose  brain  weighed  53.50  oz.,  or  Cuvier,  whose  brain 
weighed  64.33  oz.,  or  Abercrombie,  whose  brain  weighed 
63  oz.  The  last  three  named  were  great  men  possessing 
great  intellects. 

Dr.  Flint  also  says  upon  this  same  subject :  "  If  wre  ac- 
cept the  view,  which  is  in  every  way  reasonable,  that  the 
gray  substance  of  the  cerebral  hemispheres  is  the  generator 
of  the  mind,  it  would  be  necessary  in  comparing  different 
individuals,  with  the  view  of  establishing  a  definite  rela- 
tion between  brain,  substance  and  intelligence,  to  estimate 
the  amount  of  gray  matter;  but  it  is  not  easy  to  see  how 
this  can  be  done  with  any  degree  of  accuracy." 

Now,  then,  in  the  face  of  these  facts,  coming  from  such 
eminent  authority  of  international  reputation,  we  put  the 
question :  "  How,  in  the  name  of  truth  and  justice,  can  Dr. 
J.  F.  Miller  jump  to  the  very  positive  conclusion  that  the 
convolutions  of  the  negro's  brain  are  few  and  superficial, 
and  his  cranial  measurement  small,  etc.,  and  that  m  conse- 
quence of  which  their  mental  calibre  is  small.''''  This  is 
what  he  positively  asserts. 

We  have  shown  beyond  all  reasonable  doubt  that  many 
very  small  brains  have  done  much  greater  and  better  work 
than  other  much  larg-er  brains  with  larger  cranial  measure- 
ments. 

WTe  have  proven  that  persons  possessing  the  largest  brains, 
with  two  doubtful  exceptions,  of  which  we  have  any  record, 
were  in  their  mentality  exceedingly  low,  indeed,  with 
scarcely  no  mental  force  at  all.  These  persons,  of  course, 
had  larger  cranial  measurements. 

We  have  proven  by  eminent  authority  that  the  gray  sub- 
stance of  the  cerebral  hemispheres  is  the  generator  of  the 
mind,  and  that  we  cannot  establish  a  definite  relation  be- 


THE    SOUTHERN    SANITARIUM.  7 

tween  brain  substance  and  intelligence  until  we  can  esti- 
mate the  amount  of  gray  matter  in  the  brain. 

Dr.  Flint  and  others  say :  u  It  is  not  easy  to  see  how  this 
can  be  done  with  any  degree  of  accuracy." 

If  we  grant  Dr.  Miller  that  the  convolutions  are  superficial' 
and  few,  what  does  he  gain?  He  certainly  cannot  know 
the  amount  of  gray  matter,  and  therefore  cannot  know  defi- 
nitely the  forces  of  that  certain  intellect. 

We  give  one  more  quotation  from  a  reliable  authority  in 
reference  to  the  amount  of  brain  substance,  who  says: 

"A  careful  study  of  the  weights  given  in  the  table 
shows  the  impossibility  of  applying  to  individuals  an  ab- 
solute rule  that  the  greatest  brain-power  is  connected  with 
the  greatest  amount  of  brain  substance." 

What  now  becomes  of  Dr.  Miller's  so-called  scanty  and 
superficial  convolutions  with  small  cranial  measurements? 
Let  him  find  them. 

Dr.  Miller  also  asserts  concerning  the  Negro,  that  "  The 
color  of  his  skin  is  a  mark  of  inferiority,  and  not  the  re- 
sult of  climatic  influences,  as  has  been  declared  by  some." 

Here  the  Doctor  is  absolutely  certain  and  positive  as  he 
is  in  Mrery  case.  Certainly  if  he  has  been  reading  the 
recent  works  on  physiology  that  have  been  written  since 
the  days  when  he  used  to  study  the  science,  he  would 
never  make  such  an  incautious  and  unscientific  statement. 

If  he  will  revert  to  the  subject  of  the  physiological  an- 
atomy of  the  skin  he  will  find,  to  his  possible  surprise, 
that  the  best  authorities  are  agreed  that  the  color  of  the 
skin  is  dependant  upon  the  coloring  matter  or  pigment  in 
the  pigmentary  cells  of  the  malpighian  layer  of  the  skin  ; 
hence  the  various  colors  in  the  Negro — the  color  of  the 
Chinaman,  the  Indian  and  the  Caucasian.  It  is  a  well 
established  fact  that  the  skin  does  change  its  color  (or 
rather  the  pigment)  under  certain  conditions  of  climate, 
age,  season,  health,  etc.  These  changes,  whether  perma- 
nent or  temporary,  of  themselves,  can  have  nothing  to  do 
with  the  inherent  mental  capacity  of  the1  individual. 


8  THE    SOUTHERN    SANITARIUM. 

Now,  then,  we  once  more  ask,  will  Dr.  J.  F.  Miller,  in 
the  face  of  such  authorities  as  Drs.  Flint,  Baker,  Harris, 
Elliot  and  others  already  named,  still  contend  with  his 
absolute  certainty,  that  all  he  has  said,  as  quoted  by  us,  is 
correct,  and  therefore  eminent  authorities  are  mistaken? 

It  is  to  be  remembered  that  Dr.  Miller  has  spoken  with 
positive  certainty  in  all  he  says  against  the  ability  of  the 
Negro,  expressing  no  doubt,  and  therefore  seems  to  defy  the 
best  authority  and  set  himself  up  as  the  criterion  upon  this 
subject.  Dr.  Miller  must  admit,  however,  upon  reflection, 
that  there  have  been  many,  many  more  Negroes  than  he 
gives  credit  for,  whose  African  blood  could  not  be  doubted 
and  whose  skin  was  certainly  black. who  ;  under  the  cir- 
cumstances, have  been  a  reasonably  gratifying  success  in 
every  avenue  in  which  they  have  been  permitted  to  operate 
in  this  country,  and  that  whether  their  "  cerebral  convolu- 
tions" were  "scanty"  and  "superficial"  and  their  "cra- 
nial measurements  small"  and  their  skin  black  or  not,  yet 
whatever  the  Negro  has  accomplished  of  good  has  been 
done  in  consequence  of  inherant  mental  powers  that  were 
handed  down  to  him  from  the  great  mind  of  God,  as  a  sa- 
cred trust,  and  therefore  unwarranted  criticisms  of  their 
mental  and  physical  construction  cannot  change  inherent 
conditions. 


SOME  PROBABLE  CAUSES  OF  THE  RAPID  SPREAD  OF 
CONSUHPTION  AMONG  THE  NEGROES. 


Some  of  the  probable  causes  for  the  very  rapid  spread  of 
consumption  among  the  Negroes  in  the  South  may  be  sug- 
gested as  follows: 

i.  Sudden  changes  in  their  habits,  environments  and 
occupations. 

2.  Inability  to  provide  many  of  the  necessary  comforts 
of  life. 

3.  The  assumption  of  great  responsibilities. 

• 


THE    SOUTHERN    SANITARIUM.  9 

4.  Living  in  crowded  and  unsanitary  tenement  houses. 

5.  Failure  to  place  sufficient  safeguards  around  the  health 
of  mothers,  during  the  period  of  gestation,  and  a  want  of 
sufficient  care  for  both  the  mother  and  child  during  the 
period  of  lactation. 

6.  Ignorance  of  and  disregard  for  the  laws  of  hygiene. 

7.  Marrying  without  due  regard  for  the  family  history 
on  either  side,  or  the  present  health  of  either  of  the  two 
parties. 

8.  A  want  of  sufficient  familiarity  with  the  early  history 
and  symptoms  of  the  disease,  so  as  to  be  able  to  make  an 
early  diagnosis. 

9.  Mixing  or  crossing  of  the  races. 

10.  Over  crowded  and  badly  ventilated  churches  and 
schools. 

11.  Faulty  heating  and  boarding  departments  of  many 
of  our  higrh  schools  and  colleges. 


WILL   YOU   BELIEVE   IT? 


If  the  Negro  had  money  sufficient  with  which  to  change 
climate  and  residence,  under  medical  advice,  for  the  pro- 
tection of  his  health  and  life  from  the  ravages  of  Con- 
sumption, as  do  his  more  favored  white  friends,  I  beg  to 
ask,  is  there  a  single  sanitary  shelter  at  any  health  resort 
here  in  the  South  under  which  he  could  put  his  head  ?  It 
is  a  well-know^i  fact  that  all  of  the  hotels  (many  of  which 
are  but  sanitary  institutions)  here  in  the  South,  as  well  as 
the  special  sanitary  institutions  for  consumptives,  are,  by 
long-standing  customs  and  laws,  closed  against  the  Negro. 
He  simply  cannot  be  admitted,  whatever  may  be  his  cir- 
cumstances. He  neither  owns  nor  controls  a  single  sani- 
tary hotel  or  institution  at  any  of  these  places  of  resort  in 
the  South. 


IO  THE    SOUTHERN    SANITARIUM. 

Whatever  may  be  his  chances  to  save  or  protect  his  life 
and  health  from  this  dreaded  disease,  the  facts  remain  the 
same?  He  is,  therefore,  doomed  to  an  early  death  in  almost 
every  case  as  the  only  relief  from  the  pangs  of  deprivation 
and  want,  to  say  nothing  about  the  sufferings  incident  to 
the  disease.  He  must  remain  at  home  and  be  deprived  of 
any  of  the  benefits  that  might  be  gained  by  a  change  of 
residence.  And  what  is  this  home?  It  is,  in  the  great 
majority  of  cases,  only  a  crowded,  unclean,  tenement 
house,  too  often  unfit  for  the  indwelling  of  so  many  cattle. 

ON    THE    OTHER    HAND 

If  there  were  such  institutions  or  hotels  open  to  him,  as 
a  part  of  the  general  public,  there  would  even  then  be  but 
a  limited  number  who  could  command  the  means  with 
which  to  pay  necessaay  expenses.  So  that,  even  then,  the 
great  majority  of  Negro  sufferers  from  this  disease  would 
still  be  helpless  and  almost  friendless. 

Again,  those  institutions  in  the  North  into  which  these 
sufferers  might  gain  admission,  are  in  a  climate  entirely 
unsuited  to  their  already  diseased  lungs. 

Now,  then,  here  is  the  condition  of  most  Negro  con- 
sumptives :  In  crowded,  unclean  and  uncomfortable  tene- 
ment houses,  without  sufficient  and  proper  food  or  nurs- 
ing, often  weeks,  and  even  months,  go  by  without  any 
change  of  night-clothing  or  bedding  ;  no  kind  hand  to  give 
even  what  food  some  neighbor  has  sent;  no  money  or 
friend  to  have  the  prescription  filled  that  some  physician 
has  kindly  but  hopelessly  left;  no  fuel  for  fire,  no  oil  for 
lamp — and  when  there  is  a  lamp,  it  often  has  no  globe  or 
chimney,  hence  the  room  at  night  is  filled  with  smoke. 
The  dear  old  mother,  the  kind  father,  or  husband,  or  wife, 
upon  whom  the  sick  is  dependent,  has  to  leave  at  early 
morning  to  return  late  at  night  in  order  to  provide  even 
these  rude  excuses  for  comfort.     The    poor    consumptive 


•  THE    SOUTHERN    SANITARIUM.  II 

remains  thus  alone  from  morning  till  night,  day  after  day, 
forsaken  by  friends,  many  of  whom  would  at  least  visit 
and  administer  to  him  some  comforts  but  for  the  loathsome- 
ness of  himself  and  his  surroundings. 

I  will  give  only  two  out  of  many  cases  coming  under 
my  own  observation : 

I  visited  a  girl  eighteen  years  of  age  just  before  she 
died.  She  had  been  sick  for  ten  months,  and  for  eight 
months  had  been  confined  to  her  bed.  Her  bed  had,  at 
some  time,  been  filled  with  straw  that  had,  from  long  use, 
become  finely  powdered  and  bagged  down  between  the  bed- 
slats,  leaving  only  the  cloth  of  the  ticking  between  the 
body  of  the  patient  and  the  slats,  which  had  cut  and  lacer- 
ated the  skin  and  the  soft  tisssues  beneath  it,  exposing 
bleeding  surfaces  of  the  bones,  all  of  which  presented  a 
bloody  mass  of  the  lacerated  tissues  of  the  back  of  this 
miserable  sufferer.  It  was  only  a  few  days,  however,  after 
I  saw  her  before  death  came  as  the  only  relief. 

Another  girl  whom  I  saw  some  time  ago  was  in  a 
crowded,  unclean  room,  on  an  unclean  bed,  and  dressed  in 
unclean  night  clothing.  The  sputa  from  gangrenous  lungs 
had,  for  several  weeks,  been  deposited  on  a  bank  of  sand 
placed  by  the  bed  for  that  purpose.  The  odor  in  the  room 
was  simply  awful,  and  the  flies  swarmed  around  this  sur- 
ferer  as  disturbed  bees  do  around  their  hive.  Here  she  lay 
for  months,  day  after  day,  apparently  friendless,  and  cer- 
tainly helpless,  without  the  friendly  hand  of  a  nurse,  or 
even  the  comforting  words  of  many  of  her  former  friends, 
who  did  what  they  could  for  a  while,  but  soon  gave  up  in 
•  despair,  and  rather  than  be  annoyed  by  her  loathsome  sur- 
roundings they  had  left  her  to  do  the  best  she  could. 

The  history  of  these  two  cases  is  the  history  of  many 
more.  Indeed,  unless  consumptives  are  kept  clean,  and 
have  clean  surroundings  they  are,  of  all  patients,  the  most 
unpleasant  spectacles  to  the  ordinary  visitor.  These  pa- 
tients must  have  proper  care  and  treatment. 


If  THE    SOUTHERN    SANITARIUM. 

It  is,  therefore,  to  this  end  that  the  Pickford  Sanitarium 
has  been  established.  If  we  could  not  cure  them  we  might 
give  them  comfortable  quarters  in  which  to  die,  at  least. 


SOriE  FACTS  ABOUT  OUR  TRUSTEES. 


Dr.  Richard  H.  Lewis  is  the  Secretary  of  the  North  Caro- 
lina Board  of  Health,  also  Consulting  Surgeon  to  the  Eye 
Departments  of  Rex  Hospital,  Leonard.  Medical  Hospital, 
St.  Agnes  Hospital  and  Professor  of  Diseases  of  the  Eye  in 
Leonard  Medical  College,  Raleigh,  N.  C. 

Col.  A.  W.  Shaffer  is  ex-Postmaster,  Raleigh,  N.  C. 

Col.  Julian  S.  Carr  is  the  President  of  the  Blackwell 
Durham  Tobacco  Company,  a  philanthropist,  one  of  North 
Carolina's  most  widely  known  and  influential  citizens,  Dur- 
ham, N.  C. 

Mr.  C.  F.  Meserve  is  President  of  Shaw  University,  Ral- 
eigh, N.  C. 

Mr.  Berry  O'Kelly,  Merchant,  Method,  N.  C. 

Mr.  E.  A.  Johnson,  Professor  of  Law  at  Shaw  University. 

Mr.  Joseph  G.  Brown,  our  treasurer,  is  President  of  the 
Citizens  National  Bank,  of  Raleigh,  N.  C. 

Bishop  Joseph  B.  Cheshire,  is  Bishop  of  the  Diocese  of 
North  Carolina. 

Mrs.  C.  J.  Pickford,  philanthropist,  Lynn,  Mass. 

Dr.  James  McKee,  Superintendent  of  Health  and  Presi- 
dent  of   the  Board   of   Health,    Raleigh,    N.   C;  Professor 
Obstetrics  in  Leonard  Medical  College,  and  Visiting  and 
Consulting  Physician  to  St.  Agnes,  Rex  and  Leonard  Hos-  « 
pitals,  Raleigh,  N.  C. 

Prof.  A.  W.  Pegues,  Professor  of  Theology,  Shaw  Univer- 
sity, Raleigh,  N.  C. 

Mr.  John  T.  Patrick,  Secretary  Of  the  Southern  Inter- 
State  Immigration  and  Industrial  Association,  also  Chief 
of  Industrial  Department  S.  A.  L.,  Southern  Pines,  N.  C. 


THE    SOUTHERN    SANITARIUM.  1 3 

Rev.  R.  H.  W.  Leak,  pastor  of  the  St.  Paul  A.  M.  E. 
Church,  and  editor  National  Outlook,  Raleigh,  N.  C. 

Dr.  Edward  0.  Otis,  prominent  physician,  Boston,  Mass. 

Dr.  H.  C.  Fulkner,  well-known  physician,  Boston,  Mass. 

Bishop  A.  J.  Gaines,  Bishop  of  A.  M.  E.  Church,  At- 
lanta, Ga. 

INDUSTRY. 

No  unnecessary  idleness  will  be  encouraged  at  this  insti- 
tution. Sufficient  garden  land  will  be  provided,  so  that 
patients  may  take  Very  moderate  out-door  exercise,  and  in 
this  way,  zvhen  able  so  to  do,  the  patient  will  not  only  help 
to  feed  himself,  but  will  take,  under  healthy  rules,  such 
physical  exercise  in  the  open  air  as  will  prove  to  be  a  great 
help  in  expanding  the  lung  cells  to  a  moderate  degree,  and 
in  securing  for  him  certain  necessary  muscular  develop- 
ment. 

We  propose  to  have  a  well-aired,  suitable  building,  in 
which  carpenters,  shoemakers,  blacksmiths,  tin-workers, 
carving  and  scroll  cutters,  printers  and  others  of  the  indus- 
trial arts,  may  find  welcome  homelike  employment.  In  this 
way,  with  the  garden,  or  little  farm  and  shop  work,  our 
institution  will  take  such  a  stand  as  to  commend  itself  both 
to  the  sufferer  and  the  public  in  general.  This  light  labor 
will  prove  to  this  class  of  patients  not  only  a  pleasant  duty 
in  warm  days  in  winter,  but  a  desirable,  as  well  as  an  ac- 
ceptable method  of  exercise  as  a  part  of  the  treatment  which 
they  seek. 

My  friend,  will  you  help  us,  and  thereby  have  a  hand  in 
this  work  for  the  most  wretchedly  diseased  of  your  fellow- 
beings?  Will  you,  on  this  day  of  good  health,  and  in  the 
midst  of  a  prosperous  life,  turn  a  deaf  ear  to  the  husky, 
feeb.le  call  of  the  suffering  and  dying,  or  will  you  help  to 
make  comfort  for  the  comfortless?  Remember,  that  you 
and  all  you  have  belong  to  the  Lord,  therefore  don't  with- 
hold from  His  suffering-  creatures  that   which   He   would 


H  THE    SOUTHERN    SANITARIUM. 

have  you  give  them.  As  you  give  to  help  others  who  are 
actually  in  great  need,  so  will  He  give  more  abundantly  to 
you. 

Please  read  Matt.  25:  40-45  inclusive. 


NOTES  AND  CLIPPINGS. 


Our  friends  who  so  kindly  send  us  barrels  and  packages 
will  please  prepay  freight  or  express  on  the  same,  as  we 
have  no  funds  that  we  can  use  for  such  purposes,  and  in 
this  way  greatly  help  and  oblige  the  General  Manager. 

Notwithstanding  the  hard  times  and  the  opposition 
we  have  had  to  meet,  we  thank  the  Lord  that  two  build- 
ings are  up  and  paid  for,  grounds  and  all.  The  institution 
is  now  open  and  receiving  patients  at  twelve  dollars  per 
month. 

In  each  copy  of  this  Journal  will  be  found  a  pledge 
card,  which  we  urge  the  friends  of  our  cause  to  fill  out  and 
return  to  us.  You  can  help  us !  You  must  help  us  !  Our 
needs  are  many.  Anything  in  the  line  of  food  and  cloth- 
ing, bedding,  etc.,  will  be  gratefully  received. 

We  will  place  the  name  of  any  one  on  a  marble  slab, 
and  place  the  same  in  the  wall  of  any  one  of  the  seventeen 
buildings  he  may  choose  to  erect,  or  furnish  us  with  the 
means  with  which  to  erect,  and  name  the  building  after 
the  donor.  Three  hundred  and  fifty  dollars  will  erect  any 
one  of  the  sixteen  cottages.  Twenty  thousand  dollars  will 
erect  the  Central  or  Administration  Building. 

Just  think !  In  one  city  here  in  the  South,  the  number 
of  deaths  from  consumption  in  ten  years  was  3,119,  of 
which  611  were  white  people  and  2,508  were  colored  peo- 


THE    SOUTHERN    SANITARIUM.  1 5 

pie,  showing  a  death  rate  of  about  one  of  the  former  to 
three  of  the  latter,  by  population.  The  negroes  in  this 
country  constitute  less  than  (1-10)  one  tenth  of  the  popu- 
lation, and  at  the  same  time  nearly  40  per  cent,  of  the 
mortality  from  consumption'  alone.  Is  this  not  cause  for 
alarm  ?     The  facts  answer. 

-^ 

Owing  to  the  long  and  severe  illness  of  the  Secretary  and 
General  Manager,  we  could  not  have  our  public  exercises 
at  the  opening  of  our  Institution,  so  we  opened  in  a  quiet 
way,  but  under  most  encouraging  circumstances.  After 
all,  we  close  the  year  with  our  two  buildings  completed  and 
very  nearly  furnisned,  with  a  debt  of  about  $50.00  only. 

So  you  see  we  have  the  Kind  Providence  on  our  side. 
We  should  not  owe  one  dime  on  our  permanent  improve- 
ments but  for  our  physical  inability  right  at  the  close  of 
the  year. 

Who  will  help  us  pay  this  at  once?     Answer. 

-^ 

Dr.  Biggs,  of  the  Board  of  Health,  made  some  startling 
statements  before  the  Board  of  estimates  while  that  body 
was  to-day  considering  the  city  budget  for  1898.  The 
Board  of  estimates  was  asked  to  approve  a  grant  of  $60,000 
for  the  care  of  tuberculosis  in  a  special  hospital.  Dr.  Biggs, 
speaking  for  the  Board  of  Health,  in  support  of  the  appro- 
priation, declared  that  one  out  of  every  seven  persons  who 
die  in  his  city  are  victims  of  tubercular  consumption.  Dr. 
Biggs  further  stated  that  among  the  working  classes  the 
per  centage  of  deaths  due  to  this  disease  was  one  quarter. 
The  Board  of  Health  approved  the  $60,000  asked  for. 

Thank  the  Lord  !  New  York  City  has  come  in  line  with 
Massachusetts.  Other  cities  and  States  must  follow.  Iso- 
lation of  the  tuberculous  subject  will  prove  to  be  the  only 
salvation  for  the  non-tuberculous. 


1 6  THE    SOUTHERN    SANITARIUM. 

THE  OBJECT. 


It  is  therefore  proposed,  "God  being  willing,"  in  His 
great  name,  to  build  a  sanitarium  and  dedicate  it  to  the 
cause  of  human  suffering  so  that  when  many,  if  not  all  of 
us,  are  sleeping  that  long  and,  I  trust,  peaceful  sleep,  there 
may,  even  then,  be  some  spot  on  .this  Southern  soil,  to 
which  the  ghastly  consumptive  Negro  may  look,  if  not  for 
a  cure,  at  least  for  a  mitigation  of  his  suffering,  that  when 
dying  he  or  she  may  have  some  sunray  of  comforting  light 
to  shine  upon  that  wasting  form. 


IHMEDIATE    WANT5. 


Furniture  and  ware  for  dining-room. 

Furniture,  etc.,  for  Matron's  room  and  office. 

■^ 
Bed  clothing  of  all  kinds,  new  or  second-handed — only 
clean. 

■^ 
Buckets,  cuspidores,  towels,  napkins,  soaps,  night  cloth- 
ing, disinfectants,  drugs,  medicines,  cotton  cloth,  etc. 

-^ 
Twenty-five  dollars  with   which   to  dig  a  well  that  we 

may  have  fresh  water.     Who  will  help  us  to  this  extent? 

Food,  such  as  tea,  coffee,  corn  meal,  flour  sugar,  fat 
meat,  crackers,  oat  meal,  rice,  syrup,  salt  fish;  $25,000  to 
complete  our  other  fiften  buildings  out  of  the  seventeen 
(17)  proposed.  When  this  is  done  we  shall  have  capacity 
for  two  hundred  and  fifty  (250)  patients.  Now,  then,  my 
friend,  is  there  not  something  in  this  list  of  Immediate 
Needs  you  can  give  us?  Read  the  list  again,  and  think  of 
these  poor,  helpless  sick  people  upon  us  to  be  cared  for. 
You  can  help !     Will  you  do  so? 

"If  you  cannot  give  your  thousands 

You  can  give  the  widow's  mite, 
And  the  least  you  do  for  Juesus 

Will  be  precious  in  His  sight." 


THE    SOUTHERN    SANITARIUM. 
A  NATIONAL  INSTITUTION. 


It  is  to  be  remembered  that  the  Pickford  Sanitarium  is 
a  National  Institution  open  to  all  parts  of  this  great 
country  for  the  Negro.  There  are  to  be  36  trustees,  who 
shall  represent  all  parts  of  our  interests. 

No  politics  shall  be  introduced  with  its  afiairs. 

No  special  denomination  or  religious  belief  shall  dominate 
its  worship. 

It  is  a  Christian  institution  in  the  broadest  and  most 
liberal  sense,  founded  upon  the  fatherhood  of  God  and  the 
brotherhood  of  man. 


OUR  THANKS. 


We  beg  to  tender  our  sincere  thanks  to  the  following 
named  persons  for  aid  received  for  the  Pickford  Sanitarium 
since  our  last  issue : 

Rev.  and  Mrs.  A.  B.  Hunter,  Raleigh,  N.  C,  $50. 

Rev.  John  T.  Pullen,  Raleigh,  N.  C,  $5. 

Messrs  Park,  Davis  &  Co.,  Detroit  Mich.,  one  lot  of  medi- 
cines. 

Messrs  Fredrick  Stearns  &  Co.,  Detroit  Mich.,  one  lot  of 
medicines. 

Messrs  Henry  K.  Wampole  &  Co.,  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  one 
lot  of  medicines. 

Messrs  Schering  &  Glatz,  New  York,  one  lot  of  medicines. 

The  G.  F.  Harvey  Company,  Saratoga  Springs,  N.  Y., 
one  lot  of  medicines. 

These  are  very  valuable  gifts  and  certainly  are  highly  ap- 
preciated. 

We  have  also  assurances  from  Messrs  Robinson,  Pettet 
&  Co.,  of  Louisville,  Ky. 

The  Purdue  Fredrick  Company,  of  New  York,  and  the 
Paul  Paquin  Laboratories  of  St.  Louis,  that  their  contribu- 
tions will  be  forthcoming.     Thanks,  gentlemen. 


THE    SOUTHERN    SANITARIUM. 
HEALTH. 


by  dr.  r.  h.  lewis.  Secretary  of  the  N.  C.  Board  of  Health, 

The  geographical  location  and  the  geological  formation 
of  the  State  are  peculiarly  adapted  to  the  production  of  those 
conditions  which  make  for  health  in  general.  As  to  cli- 
mate, we  occupy  the  vantage-ground  of  the  golden  mean, 
inclining  somewhat  to  the  warmer  side.  It  is  neither  too 
hot  nor  too  cold.  While  we  have  a  generous  summer,  long 
enough  to  mature  two  crops  of  many  kinds,  the  thermometer 
does  not  rise  as  high  as  it  often  does  far  to  the  northward 
of  us,  and  the  summer  temperature  is  not  usually  oppres- 
sive. We  also  have  a  sufficiency  of  winter,  with  occasional 
light  snows,  and  once  in  every  few  years,  ice  thick  enough 
to  skate  on  in  safety,  and  with  rain  and  dark  days,  but  on 
the  whole  it  is  bright  and  sunshiny.  The  late  Bishop  Ly- 
man, who  lived  many  years  in  Italy,  said  that  the  climate 
of  Raleigh  was  superior  to  that  of  Florence — more  sunshine 
in  it.  Our  winters  are  just  long  enough  and  severe  enough 
to  restore  the  snap  and  vigor  and  elasticity  that  may  have 
been  weakened  by  the  summer — we  are  enabled  to  fully  re- 
coup any  physical  wastes  attributable  to  long  continued 
heat.  The  conditions,  so  far  as  they  relate  to  the  propor- 
tion of  heat  and  cold,  are  just  those  which,  while  permit- 
ting easy  and  comfortable  living  from  the  opportunities 
afforded  for  work  throughout  the  entire  year — the  special 
advantage  of  the  South — do  not  enervate  and  weaken  the 
desire  and  power  of  work.  In  a  word,  the  conditions  are4 
exactly  suited  to  the  healthful  and  pleasant  existence  of  the 
average  man. 

Although  it  is  not  as  dry  as  it  is  in  some  sections  of  our 
country,  still  in  our  long  leaf-pine,  sand-hill  region,  where 
the  porous  soil  takes  up  the  water  so  rapidly  that  one  can 
walk  dry-shod  in  a  half-hour  after  the  heaviest  rain,  it  is  dry 
enough  for  the  consumptive,  and  yet  he  can  enjoy  the  sight 
and  smell  of  the  "blessed  rain  from  heaven,"  and  be  lulled 


THE    SOUTHERN    SANITARIUM.  1 9 

to  sleep  by  its  patter  on  the  roof.  Neither  can  we  boast  so 
great  elevation  as  some  other  localities,  but  in  the  matter 
of  altitude  we  have  sufficient  variety,  from  the  sea-level  to 
Mitchell's  Peak  of  nearly  7,000  feet,  to  suit  any  constitu- 
tion. Roan  Mountain,  which  it  is  interesting  to  know  has 
a  greater  variety  of  flora  between  its  summit  and  half-way 
to  its  base  than  the  whole  continent  of  Europe,  is  noted  for 
the  relief  its  rare  pure  air  affords  to  the  sufferer  from  hay- 
fever.  For  consumptive,  the  high  mountain  plateau  of 
Asheville  and  vicinity,  including  particularly,  the  country 
about  Highlands  and  Blowing  Rock,  affords  very  favorable 
conditions.  To  those  of  this  class  who  do  not  bear  high 
altitudes  well,  the  pure  dry  air  of  the  pine-clad  sand-hills, 
of  Moore  and  adjoining  counties,  of  which  Southern  Pines 
is  the  centre,  often  proves  a  healing  balm.  It  is  said  by 
many  who  have  tried  the  pine-country  further  south  and 
that  of  our  State,  both,  that  they  prefer  the  latter  because 
the  climate  is  not  so  enervating. 

Although  it  must,  in  candor,  be  said  that  malarial  diseases 
occur  in  certain  sections  of  the  State — as  they  do  in  many 
favored  sections  of  higher  latitude — they  are  of  a  milder 
type,  less  malignant  than  in  warmer  regions.  This  class  of 
diseases  has,  however,  been  robbed  of  its  terrors  since  the 
recent  demonstration  of  the  fact  that  they  are  chiefly,  if  not 
entirely,  attributable  to  the  drinking  of  the  surface  water 
and  not  to  bad  air.  (For  evidence  on  this  point  apply  to 
the  Secretary  of  the  State  Board  of  Health,  at  Raleigh,  for 
•a  copy  of  the  health  pamphlet  on  "Drinking  Water  in  its 
Relation  to  Malarial  diseases.")  It  is  practically  in  the 
power  of  every  person  to  protect  himself  from  malaria,  if 
he  desires  to  do  so  by  confining  himself  to  the  water  of  cis- 
terns and  deep  bored  wells.  And  it  is  to  be  noted  as  an  in- 
teresting fact  that  some  of  the  more  serious  and  fatal  disease 
common  to  every  section  of  the  globe,  as  typhoid  fever,  for 
example,  are  of  a  milder  type  and  less  deadly  than  in  other 
localities  not  frequented  by  the  Plasmodium  malariae. 


20  THE    SOUTHERN    SANITARIUM. 

In  this  day  of  scientific  accuracy,  an  appeal  to  carefully 
collated  facts  is  desirable.  Upon  turning  to  the  mortuary 
tables  of  the  Fifth  Biennial  Report  of  the  State  Board  of 
Health,  we  find  that  the  average  total  death-rate  in  the 
larger  cities  and  towns  where  the  records  are  carefully  kept 
is  15.5  per  thousand — for  the  whites  12.5,  and  for  so-called 
malarious  section  the  death-rate  is  actually  less  than  the 
average  for  the  whole  number. 

The  machinery  provided  by  the  State  for  protecting  the 
health  of  its  citizens,  consists  of  a  State  Board  and  of  County 
Superintendents  of  Health — to  say  nothing  of  municipal 
organizations  for  that  purpose.  The  former  has  general 
supervision  of  the  sanitary  interests  of  the  people,  and  the 
latter  are  charged  with  the  particular  care  of  those  in  their 
respective  counties.  Any  special  information  that  may  be 
desired  can  be  obtained  by  addressing  the  Secretary  of  the 
State  Board  at  Raleigh. 


SOUTHERN  RAILWAY. 


Condensed  Schedule. 

In  Effect  June  14,  1896. 


TRAINS  LEAVE  RALEIGH : 

NORFOLK  AND  CHATTANOOGA  LIMITED. 

3:40  p.  M.,  DAILY. — Solid  vescibuled  train,  with  sleeper  from  Raleigh  to 
Chattanooga,  via  Salisbury,  Morganton,  Asheville,  Hot  Springs  and 
Knoxville.  Connects  at  Durham  for  Oxford,  Clarksville  and  Keysville, 
except  Sunday;  at  Greensboro  with  Washington  and  Southwestern  Ves- 
tibuled  (limited)  train  for  all  points  North,  and  with  main-line  train  No. 
12  for  Danville,  Richmond  and  intermediate  stations;  also  has  connection 
for  Winston-Salem,  and  with  main-line  train  No.  35,  "  United  States  Fast 
Mail,  "  for  Charlotte,  Sparatanburg,  Greenville,  Atlanta  and  all  points 
South;  also  Columbia,  Augusta,  Charleston,  Savannah,  Jacksonville,  and 
all  points  in  Flordia.  Sleeping-car  for  Atlanta,  Jacksonville,  and  at 
all  points  in  Flordia.  Sleeping-car  for  Atlanta,  Jacksonville,  and  at 
Charlotte  with  sleeping-car  for  Augusta. 

CHT TANOOGA  AND  NORFOLK  LIMITED. 

11:45  A-  M->  DAILY. — Solid  train,  consisting  of  Pullman  sleeping-cars 
and  coaches,  from  Chattanooga  to  Raleigh,  arriving  at  Norfolk  at  5:20  p. 
M„  in  time  to  connect  with  the  Old  Dominion,  Merchants  &  Miners,  Nor- 
folk &  and  Washington,  and  Baltimore,  Chesapeake  &  Ricemond  Steam- 
ship Companies  for  all  points  North  and  East.  Connects  at  Selma  for 
Fayetteville  and  intermediate  stations  on  the  Wilson  and  Fayetteville 
Short-Cut,  daily;  daily  except  Sunday  for  Newbern  and  Morehead  City; 
daily  for  Goldsboro  and  Wilmington  an  1  intermediate  stations  on  the 
Wilmington  &  WTeldon  Railroad. 

EXPRESS  TRAIN. 

8:53  A.  M.,  DAILY. — Connects  at  Durham,  for  Oxford,  Keysville,  Rich- 
mond; at  Greensboro  for  Washington  and  all  points  North. 

3:40  p.  m. ,  DAILY. — For  Goldsboro  and  intermediate  stations. 

LOCAL. 

2:00  A.  M.,  DAILY. — Connects  at  Greensboro  for  all  points  North  and 
South,  and  Winston-Salem  and  points  on  the  Northwestern  North  Caro- 
lina Railroad;  at  Salisbury  for  all  points  in  Western  North  Carolina, 
Knoxville,  Tenn.,  Cincinnati  and  Western  Points;  at  Charlotte  for  Spar- 
tanburg, Greenville,  Athens,  Atlanta  and  all  points  South. 

TRAINS  ARRIVE  AT  RALEIGH : 

EXPRESS  TRAIN. 

3:40  p.  m.,  DAILY. — From  Atlanta,  Charlotte,  Greensboro  and  all  points 
South. 

LOCAL. 
7:10  A.  M.,  DAILY. — From  Greensboro  and  all  points  North  and  South. 
Sleeping-car  from  Greensboro  to  Raleigh. 

"NORFOLK  AND  CHATTANOOGA  LIMITED." 
3:40  P.  M.,  DAILY. — From  all  points  East,    Norfolk,    Tarboro,   Wilson 
and   water   lines.     From  Goldsboro,    Wilmington,   Fayetteville  and  all 
points  in  Eastern  Carolina. 

"CHATTANOOGA  AND  NORFOLK  LIMITED." 

11:45  A-  M-i  DAILY. — From  New  York,  Washington,  Lynchburg,  Dan- 
ville and  Greensboro,  Chattanooga,  Knoxville,  Hot  Springs  and  Asheville. 

LOCAL. 

9:00  p.  m.,  Daily  Except  Sunday. — From  Goldsboro  and  all  points 
East. 

EXPRESS  TRAIN. 

8:53  A-  M,->  DAILY. — From  Goldsboro. 

FOR  TICKETS,  routes  and  rates,  or  other  information,  call  on  or  write  to  'f  had.  C. 

Sturgis,  Ticket  Agent,  Raleigh,  N.  C. 
J.  M.  CULP,  Traffic  Manager.    W.  H.  GREEN,  Gen.  Supt.    W.  A.  TURK,  G.  P.  A. 


^9  l\m  !—*• 


VESTIBULED  LIMITED  TRAINS.  Double 
Daily  service.  Shortest  and  Quickest  Route 
to  Atlanta,  New  Orleans,  Norfolk,  Richmond, 
Washington,  Baltimore,  Philadelphia,  Boston, 
New  York.  Schedule  in  effect  November,  i, 
v—   1896. 

TRAINS  LEAVE  RALEIGH : 

"Atlanta  Special,"  Pullman  Vestibule  for  Hender- 
2.16  a.  m.  Daily.  son,  Weldon,  Petersburg,  Richmond,  Washington, 
Baltimore,  Philadelphia,  New  York  and  all  points 
North.  Buffet  drawing-rooms  sleepers  and  Pullman 'coaches  At- 
lanta to  Washington,  parlor  cars  Washington  to  New  York;  Pull- 
man sleeping-car  Monroe  to  Portsmouth.  Arrives  at  Washington 
11:43  a.  m.,  Baltimore  12:45  noon,  Philadelphia  3:50  p.  m.,  New 
York  6:23  p.  m.  Also  for  Ports.nouth,  Norfolk,  Old  Point,  and 
local  stations  Seaboard  and  Roanoke  Railroad. 

For  Henderson,  Weldon,  Suffolk,  Portsmouth,  Nor- 
11.35  a»  m>  Daily,  folk  and  intermediate  stations;  connects  at  Ports- 
mouth with  Bay  Line  for  Old  Point  and  Baltimore; 
with  Norfolk  &  Washington  Steamboat  Company  for  Washington, 
with  N.  Y.,  P.  &  N.  Railroad  for  Philadelphia  and  points  North; 
also  at  Weldon  with  Atlantic  Coast  Line  for  Richmond,  Washing- 
ton, Baltimore,  Philadelphia  and  New  York;  and  with  Scotland 
Neck  Branch  for  Greenville,  Washington  and  Portsmouth.  Pull- 
man sleepirg-car  Atlanta  to  Portsmouth. 

"Atlanta  Special,"  Pullman  Vestibule,  for  Southern 
2.11  a.  m.  Daily.  Pines,  Hamlet,  Wilmington,  Monroe,  Charlotte, 
Lincolnton,  Shelby,  Chester,  Clinton,  Greenwood, 
Abbeville,  Athens,  Atlanta,  Augusta,  Columbia,  Macon,  Mont- 
gomery, Mobile,  New  Orleans,  Chattanooga,  Nashville,  Memphis 
and  points  South  and  Southwest;  through  Pullman  buffet  sleep- 
ers and  day  coaches  Washington  to  Atlanta,  connecting  directly  at 
Union  Depot,  Atlanta,  with  diverging  lines;  also  Pullman  sleep- 
ing-car Portsmouth  to  Monroe. 

For   Wilmington,   Charlotte,   Chester,   Greenwood, 
3.40  p.  m.  Daily.      Athens,  Atlanta  and  all  intermediate  stations,  con- 
necting at  Union  Station,   Atlanta,  with  diverging 
lines.     Pullman  Sleeping-car  Portsmouth  to  Atlanta. 

TRAINS  ARRIVE  AT  RALEIGH  : 

From  Norfolk,  Portsmouth,  and  all  points  North  via 
3:40  p.  m.  Daily.        Bay  Line  and  New  York  P.  &  N.   Railroad,  Peters- 
burg, Richmond  and  Washington,  Baltimore,  Phila- 
delphia, New  York  and  Boston;  also  from  Greenville,  Plymouth,  Wash- 
ington, N.  C,  and  Eastern  Carolina  points,  via  Weldon. 

"Atlanta  Special,"  Pullman  Vestibule,  from  Atlanta 
2:16  a.  m.  Daily.        and  points  South,  Athens,  Abbeville,  Greenwood  and 

Chester. 

From  Charlotte,  Athens,  Atlanta  and  intermediate 
1 1  .-30  a.  m.  Daily,     stations. 

"Atlanta  Special,"  from  Norfolk,  Portsmouth,  Hen- 
2:11  a.  m.  Daily.       derson,  Weldon,  Richmond,  Washington,  Baltimore, 

Philadelphia,  New  York  and  the  East 
Magnificent  Pullman  Vestibuled  Trains.     No  Exra  Fare. 

Apply  to  ticket  agent,  or  to       H.  S.  LEARD,  Sol.  Pas.  Ag't,  Raleigh,  N.  C. 

E.  ST.  JOHN,  Vice-President  and  General  Manager, 

H.  W.  B.  GLOVER,  Traffic  Manager. 
T.  J.  ANDERSON,  General  Passenger  Agent. 

V.  E.  McBEE,  General  Superintendent.